Title:Planning the Autonomous Future: Episode 3, featuring Jeff Tumlin
در اپیزود سوم برنامه ریزی آینده خودمختار، جنیفر و کلی چندین جلسه متمرکز بر وسایل نقلیه خودمختار از اجلاس ملی تحرک مشترک ۲۰۱۸ را که از ۱۲ تا ۱۴ مارس در شیکاگو برگزار شد، بررسی می کنند. بعداً در قسمت، آنها از جف تاملین، مدیر و مدیر استراتژی در NelsonNygaard، روی میز استقبال می کنند. جف جلسه عمومی اجلاس سران را با نام «جاده (مشترک) پیش رو: چشم انداز برقی، متصل، خودمختار و قابل دسترس از ترانزیت» مدیریت کرد و این موضوع را با جنیفر و کلی به بحث گذاشت و در مورد اینکه اگر وسایل نقلیه خودران نباشند چه اتفاقی می افتد صحبت کرد. به اشتراک گذاشته شده است، چرا ما باید روش های حمل و نقل کارآمد در فضا را برای کارکرد AV ها در اولویت قرار دهیم، و چرا برنامه ریزان باید هنگام برنامه ریزی برای وسایل نقلیه خودکار، گسترش را جدی بگیرند. جنیفر هناگان معاون مدیر تحقیقات APA و مدیر مرکز جوامع سبز است. Kelley Coyner مدیر عامل Mobility e3 است، یک شرکت رهبری حمل و نقل که به جوامع کمک می کند تا ناوگان های AV را برنامه ریزی، خلبانی و استقرار دهند. نشست ملی تحرک مشترک: http://sharedusemobilitycenter.org/2018-summit/
به قسمت های دیگر سریال گوش دهید: قسمت ۱: https://youtu.be/-HqU0Ck6hm0
قسمت ۲: https://youtu.be/Q6IR5gp5TPQ
قسمت ۴: https://youtu.be/PZh1iW0YtDo
قسمت ۵: https://youtu.be/KZSiMRE5vxY
درباره خودروهای خودران بیشتر بدانید: https://www.planning.org/av/
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قسمتی از متن فیلم: Welcome to the American Planning Association podcast this episode is part of our series on planning the autonomous future which looks at the many ways in which autonomous technology would impact our cities and regions mobility and the planning profession I’m your host Jennifer Hennigan deputy research director and manager of the
Green Communities Center at the American Planning Association we can use my co-host Shelley corner I’m Kelly coiner I’m the CEO of mobility III a new technology consulting firm that focuses on helping communities make sure that automated mobility makes them more accessible healthier and safer places to live in this episode we’re talking about
Autonomous vehicles at the National shared mobility summits it’s really been an exciting week it’s been amazing to be it this year use mobility centers summit where they’re focused on all the ways that autonomous vehicles highlight the challenges and the opportunities that we’re really looking to in advancing
Advancing this this field that we all care about so passionately about the ways that people get to work to healthcare to educational opportunities just get around in life and you know we’ve gone to a lot of sessions this week and we can’t possibly talk about
All of them but let’s take a minute to sort of highlight some of them and I think sort of the one that was really interesting was on the first day which was it really posed the question what can communities do now to plan for autonomous Jennifer you went you want to
Take a minute to talk about it yeah that workshop it was great it was a sold-out workshop which is nice to see planning for the transition to share it autonomous vehicles and that really looked at as you said what we need to be doing to prepare our cities and people
For this new sort of transit revolution and we had some great facilitators there who made points on the changes that we need to see in administrative rules regulations Street design and there was a real emphasis on accessibility as well what we need to do to make sure that
These vehicles are accessible and also that the routes to and from the vehicles are able to be used by people of all ages and abilities what was really exciting in this workshop to me were the breakout sessions tell me about this breakout sessions what were those pictures the Chicago metropolitan agency
For planning had provided some scenarios for three different areas within the cities of Chicago showing a primarily residential neighborhood a retail district and then what they called the people moving scenario which was Michigan Avenue actually right outside the APA headquarters here and a point that they had made was that even if you
Had a dedicated bus lane installed on Michigan Avenue which there currently is not today that would not be adequate to serve the volume of buses and passengers that need to go through that route on a daily basis so it was the idea that if you had automated transit they would be
Able to exactly you’d be able to have more buses running more frequently and be able to handle that additional volume in a way that actually creates less congestion that sounds awesome it was great and then this morning I attended another workshop on insurance and pricing models for shared mobility
And autonomous vehicles who was at that workshop there were all sorts of folks from different parts of the insurance industry there was a Maureen brown from Munich ray Eric Dempsey from assurance and Tom Troy from Allstate commercial and it was a really interesting discussion for me because in talking
About autonomous vehicles the concerns about insurance and liability always come up as something that people are worried about but really have no idea where things stand so I thought the really interesting thing is it’s like all the other topics we’ve looked at AV change everything they’re really transforming
The way we think about insurance but it’s not just about the automation it’s also about the shared mobility and the peer-to-peer kinds of car services can you tell me a little bit about what you learned about the way insurance is changing to meet these needs yeah that was really interesting because when you
Have these transportation network companies like uber and lyft those vehicles are driven by a person who has insurance on that car but the moment they bring up their app to start servicing passengers the commercial insurance from uber or lyft takes over and that can happen you know once a day
It can go on and off every few hours or every few minutes depending on what that driver is doing so the technology that’s available to us in smartphones today allows these insurance products to become very tailored and get down to a granular level if you are sitting at a
Transit agency or city what did you learn about what you need to do about insurance going forward I would need to talk to my insurance provider to let them know what my plans are and what my concerns are because insurance companies recognize that they need to be a lot
More flexible and be able to change to develop and deliver the sorts of products that address these new shared and autonomous paradigms sounds like we ought to spend a whole episode on insurance yes let’s do that I thought one of the cool things I think we had the same shared quote was that
Was by Tom Troy from all states right what do you think he said this was the first time in three decades that he’s ever seen standing room only in the insurance breakout session that’s awesome it was pretty cool and then there was also the session on rural
Impacts so you know over the last year and a half or so spent a lot of time thinking about the communities that are not the big urban areas that are not Chicago not New York that are not even my sort of home cities of Houston and Washington
DC which is most of the country right and one of the things that we talk a lot about in terms of equity is how do autonomous vehicles fit in a rural environment what are the benefits that people would get and so there’s a session that Lee senescence in’ who’s
Been a great collaborator with us on planning with communities for Avs and share mobility dead-and and she really talks about a couple of things one is making the shared use model fit for the community and meet those needs and in the AV context the biggest benefit right
Now is the benefits in terms of logistics and those are high-speed types of trucking applications and rail applications and not the things that we normally think about it as shared use mobility summit but they’re very important in terms of getting manufactured goods high-valued electronics that are produced in rural
Areas and agricultural products to market when it comes to shared use opportunities for people the solutions need to be right sized to that community and one thing is that right now broadband coverage is really light in rural areas that makes it very hard to use connected automated vehicles because
They don’t have anything to connect to but the this generation of shared autonomous vehicles doesn’t rely as much on connectivity they’re smart vehicles and so she likes to say use your imagination and take your blinders off and think about what communities need to be served so do we need to serve a
Community that’s Aging in place that isn’t driving anymore do we need to provide service in a place that needs to get people around a campus whether it’s an educational campus or healthcare campus and those are all opportunities not only to provide real mobility services that people need but it’s also
An opportunity to make our rural environments innovation centers just as much as us that he is I love that Lisa was able to put that session together because it’s so important we’re talking about mobility not being accessible to all types of people but in all places as well so that’s a little
Wonder than they are accompanied as greater places Bates perfect so the last AV focus session then was Jeff Hummel ins plenary session so Jeff session really keys off of a book that’s just been released by Dan Sperling on the three revolutions that we’re looking at and it’s more than autonomous and it’s
More than shared but it’s also active and electric in fact he calls it three revolutions but I always like to say it’s four plus revolution it sounds like four and so Dan really challenges to think about what are the policies that we need to be looking at to get all of
These benefits and to create the kinds of communities in the kind of world that we’re looking for one that’s accessible when it’s safe one that’s clean when that’s equitable and provide services to everyone what I like in the mix of this is that you have the big picture thinker
And with Dan but also you have people who are really smart about how this actually works and so we heard from uber about their experiences and their commitments to moving forward with AV and we had a pretty rowdy conversation about what we learned from uber going forward in terms of transparency with
Respect to data and the management of the public right away there also is another much larger mobility service provider that’s very engaged in the AV community when we talk about v’s and share mobility a lot of times we start and stop with way mo uber and lyft what was really exciting about
Jeff’s panel is that dick Alexander who’s executive vice president and Transdev was there to talk about where automated vehicles fit with transit Transdev is the world’s largest mobility service provider and the themes that dick talked about of the need to find ways to innovate within a really big structure
But also to bring automation to scale really exciting Karla be Allah who was really the godmother of the Columbus Smart City challenge is now at the Center for Automotive Research at Michigan brings a wonderful perspective we’re of smart cities fits with automotive design and automated systems
As well and then there was Krista who tell a Jynx from Finland Krista added an international perspective to the conversation focusing on the digital economy and mobility as a service from the public agency perspective from a national government and I think that she really underscored the importance of how
We rethink our public agencies from the national and the state level to meet these new paradigms these new approaches to things there’s a lot to learn from all of these folks and I’m looking forward to not only talking to these individuals more but also sharing some of their ideas with our listeners in
Coming episodes and we were very fortunate to be able to get Jeff Tomlin to come in and talk to us for a few minutes that’s right Jeff has really been a leader in thinking about how automated vehicles can change everything for better or worse and he talked to us
About the ways in which transit agencies really need to not just be at the table but take the lead in shaping how a v’s play out in the city so that we make our cities better as principal and director of strategy with Nelson Nygaard Jeff Tomlin is an expert in helping
Communities move from discord to agreement about the future from whether twenty years Tumlin has led award-winning plans in cities from Seattle and Vancouver to Moscow and Abu Dhabi he was recently the interim director of transportation for the City of Oakland which gives them a practical perspective on the challenges facing
Cities and transit agencies as they face automation and mobility so Jeff why are we talking about autonomous vehicles at a shared mobility summit autonomous vehicles are an accelerant so there’s not all that much that’s radically different about them except for the fact that they take some of our existing
Service models for mobility and make them cheaper and faster so the question for shared mobility is whether autonomous vehicles help us get to a better version of the city of the future or whether they accelerate the demise of mobility and equity and the environment and rational land use whether they help
Bring us together as a society or make society more divisive than it is today they’re coming they’re coming quickly and they’re going to result in a lot of changes to the way mobility is delivered thought about funded and how it impacts cities equity public health and a whole
Variety of other topics so there’s certainly a vision of the future where autonomous vehicles are not shared that’s right so in that vision we all have our own individually owned Tesla’s or Google pods or autonomous RVs and as a result of that vision public transit ridership collapses to nearly zero and
The number of people that city streets can move declines significantly resulting in severe traffic congestion and vast sprawl particularly when not only do we reduce the financial cost of individual mobility we also reduce the time cost because in an autonomous vehicle when we don’t have to pay attention to
The road you know we could watch internet cat videos or work or sleep or do who knows what else so Jeff one things you talked about was sort of how we how we provide mobility so one of the things is what what are the kinds of
Things we need to think about in terms of shared mobility an autonomous that avoid this terrible future that you’ve just painted so the starting point needs to be a recognition that cities owned the public right-of-way right all streets and highways are owned by government agencies and it’s a limited
Resource and public agencies need to manage the public right-of-way for the public good and that means first of all having to define the public good this becomes particularly important as we turn the public right-of-way over to the private profit of corporations seeking to move people around you know for
Corporate profit so how can we allow innovation and how can we allow private entrepreneurship on our public rights away but in a way that serves the public good so it already had some of that experimentation with right handling services in particular and some beginning looks at micro transit what
Are what are we learning from that and what do we need to sort of take from that as we move forward so there’s a lot of upside to uber and lyft and other ride hailing services as we suburban eyes poverty right hailing services allow people in low density areas to
Actually access rail stations in order to get to jobs in the city center we are seeing increase in the quality of service that we can deliver to disabled people and to people who rely upon paratransit and non-emergency medical transportation to get to their dialysis appointments or at least the potential
For that in places where effort has been applied to make that happen but we’re also seeing the beginnings of some potentially significant downsides because transportation network companies can offer door-to-door mobility at a reasonable price at least so long as it’s venture capital funded we’re seeing a loss of bus ridership in urban areas
And the result of that is an increase in congestion and the ability of urban streets to move fewer people even as big city economies are growing ok stop there yes that’s really hard to understand the ability of urban streets to move far fewer people so so let’s talk about
Geometry ok so we’re no longer bulldozing neighborhoods in order to widen highways so our street rights-of-way are effectively fixed so would it be fair to say that we don’t have any place to put more streets are they’re just not going too well in developing areas we’ll continue to build
Streets but in urban areas were not widening streets or adding new streets for highways for the most part there’s a couple of exceptions but for the most part in cities we have the streets today that we’re going to have for the next 50 years nor do we necessarily want more pavement
Our city is correct correct so we have the streets that we’re going to have and those streets have fixed widths so to a certain degree we have a zero-sum game in cities I am NOT a better person when I ride my bike or take the bus but I do
Consume 1/10 of the public right-of-way while biking or taking transit than I do while driving in my own car and that same the same is true whether I’m driving my own car or I’m taking uber or I’m in an autonomous vehicle right there’s a fixed geometry to urban
Streets and in order for the economics of cities to continue to work we need to prioritize the most space efficient forms of transportation this means focusing on high-capacity transit walking and biking and it means we need to make sure that we help high-capacity transit make the transition to autonomous operations as
Quickly as possible and we need to make sure that we manage the street so that the highest capacity most efficient modes get priority because if we lose bus riders as they become autonomous uber riders the ability of the transportation system to move people declines so how do we manage that
Right-of-way to make sure that high-capacity transit is able to move so the first thing we do is that in all urban places we identify those top dozen bus lines that are carrying the bulk of the people and this is true in every region there’s a small number of bus
Lines that are jammed full of people all day long and on those lines we need to make sure that those buses are never stopped by congestion and never stopped by traffic lights typically the way cities manage their streets right now assumes that all vehicles are equal what
This means is that a person on board a 40 passenger bus is valued at 140th the value of somebody driving alone in a car almost all cities manage their signal system and overall mobility program like this assuming that vehicles are equal rather than people being able so one of
The first things we need to do is look at our performance metrics how are we managing the street and to make sure that we’re prioritizing people and goods as opposed to vehicles this way you can justify giving dedicated right-of-way to high capacity bus lines and managing the signal system to prioritize person
Movement and person delay rather than vehicle movement and vehicle to light it also means that in dedicated right-of-way we already basically have the technology in order to do driverless buses in a dedicated right-of-way along a fixed route we’ve got that technology pretty much today and the great advantage with going
Driverless with buses is it means that you can operate the buses every two to three minutes all day long all night long effectively zero marginal cost we can deliver really extraordinarily high quality transit if we allow public transit to transition quickly to driverless operations on the high-capacity high priority lines so I
Want to break that down all the things you’ve just talked about are just really basic things about what makes high-speed transit work for people I wondered if you could help us understand why it is that automated transit allows us to have more frequent service round-the-clock service and have more buses moving
Through the same space so the way transit economics works transit operating costs are driven very much by the cost of the operator so when you eliminate the operator the operating costs are reduced significantly and in addition to making transit more cost effective the other amazing thing that
Happens is you can deliver very high frequencies at almost no marginal cost once you’ve bought the vehicles if they’re autonomous and electric you can just run them all day long every two to three minutes 24 hours a day provided you have enough time built-in for recharging their batteries this
Becomes extraordinary so if using autonomous rubber-tired buses allows anyone in a city to walk 10 minutes or less go to the corner and always be able to see the next bus coming that is transformative and amazingly convenient and can compete with the apparent convenience of door-to-door autonomous ride hailing services or personally
Owned two autonomous vehicles it also means that cities can continue to grow because I can move 10 times as many people per hour in an autonomous bus lane than I can in an autonomous car lane that gives me the opportunity to grow the city to rethink how we design
The right-of-way and to take all of those parking lots that are as much of as a third of the land area in most cities and develop that into housing into parks into new jobs into new opportunities for people autonomous transit can be utterly transformative to cities and allow us to
Have all of the benefits of individual autonomous vehicles without the nightmare sprawl and congestion scenario Kelly and I were talking yesterday but I continue to struggle about the issue of sprawl being caused by autonomous vehicles because if you could live an hour away from the city or
Two hours away from the city and this beautiful rural setting why would you not want to do that if I don’t wanna miss vehicle would allow that to happen so that’s a great fear of ours the sprawl and dismount that will come with individually owned autonomous vehicles
Is very scary when you eliminate the time cost of driving when you allow your drive trip to be productive because you can work or sleep or watch internet cat videos why not live an hour away from work why not live for hours away from work when you can sleep on your way to
And from work yeah it’s very scary indeed so that is scary not only because of the sprawl but also because the congestion impacts so autonomous high capacity transit doesn’t solve the sprawl problem but it does solve the urban congestion and quality of life problem and it allows us to transform
Our cities into much more desirable places so autonomous vehicles allow us to effectively eliminate all urban perking autonomous vehicles don’t ever need to park all of that on street parking all of those parking lots and parking garages those can become something else all of that on street parking can allow us to
Provide landscaped protected bikeways on every single urban and suburban street we could make every city in America delightfully bikable for an eight-year-old girl or an 80 year old woman with two sacks of groceries there’s no reason we can’t allow that transition to occur but only if we plan
For it now so what’s important to do now to plan for that transition well the there’s a lot of things that we need to do now so public transit agencies need to start leading an autonomous vehicle technology development and deployment today if they wait they are going to
Have their very existence put at risk as uber and lyft and wham-o start providing a cheaper and more direct and reliable alternative and this means paying very close attention to labor we have to bring labor into this conversation to make sure that we ensure a quality of work for public transit agencies and
That is possible now given just the sheer turnover rate among operators if we do the planning right now we can make sure that there is not ever a single layoff and we can make sure that pension funds remain stable we can also do this in a way that doesn’t necessarily shrink
The labor force but simply changes the qualities and characteristics of the jobs I’m not saying that high-capacity transit shouldn’t be staffed I’m just saying it doesn’t need somebody behind a steering wheel public transit can provide a very significant level of staffing in order to make sure that a high quality of
Service is provided there’s no reason why public transit couldn’t look more like first-class on an international airplane flight as opposed to the current experience that most of us have on public buses getting to and from work well I think that this idea of using transit to transform our cities into something
Better really does help address the potential for sprawl issues because if we were taking up taking back and reclaiming that land that’s used for parking and using it for something that’s going to be really fabulous and drawing people in and giving them new opportunities for entertainment and cultural experiences and recreation
Those are reasons that you’d want to live closer to the city even if you could live four hours out there will be additional reasons for you to choose that urban environments that are going to impact your quality of life and what you do on a day to day basis what we’re
Seeing both in mobility and in land use today is a flight towards quality and in particular a flight towards soci ability um we are social primates we love being with other people provided the social contract is intact provided we feel safe and secure under those conditions we
Travel great distances in order to go to places like Disneyland just simply for the sheer pleasure of walking around in public the Third Street Promenade in downtown Santa Monica one of the most walkable places in the world people drive ridiculous distances from all over Los Angeles just for the sheer pleasure
Of walking around in a pleasant environment there’s no reason why all of our cities can’t look like that my fear is that on our current trajectory we are heading much more towards the vision of the city of the future as pictured in the movie wall-e where ubiquitous door-to-door mobility results not only
In a significant public health crisis but also a breakdown in social communication what considers do now to avoid a walling future cities need to get smart about parking right now city’s managed parking for the problems of 1965 not the problems of 2018 so rewriting zoning codes to eliminate minimum parking requirements
And instead require maximums and unbundling is essential managing the curb in order to ensure adequate parking availability at all times and in particular manage the curb so that uber lyft and FedEx do not have to park in the bike lane or block traffic in order to pick up and drop off passengers this
Is fundamental another critical issue is that cities because they own the right-of-way cities need to partner with transit agencies in order to give public transit the priority that it needs in order to move more people more efficiently cities also need to collude with each other in order to make sure
That they’re getting good data from private operators in the public right-of-way and most importantly cities need to make sure that the current pending federal legislation doesn’t preempt their ability to manage streets and that they work with their state governments to make sure that cities are given the tools that they need in order
To manage streets to prioritize the movement of people and goods and this particularly means looking at topics like D congestion pricing D congestion pricing that sounds great thanks Jeff this has been great you’ve given us a lot to think about so what it sounds like is that cities need to start by
Figuring out what’s most important to them and then acting on it so that’s them right cities need to clarify what their values are and measure those values and make sure that all of the mechanics of managing the street are in alignment with their local values these are all good planning principles that we
Already know today we just need to get serious about doing them something that’s fascinating to me is that all of the things that we need to do in order to make autonomous vehicles not a nightmare we should have been doing anyways for the last 30 years Jeff thank you so much for
Being here today really appreciate your taking a few minutes from the shared mobility summit thank you for your leadership on this complex topic thanks for tuning in to another episode of the American Planning Association podcast you can listen to past episodes at Planning org slash podcasts you can
Also subscribe to the podcast on iTunes and stitcher have an idea for a podcast email them to podcast at planning or
ID: kG–3OVpHiE
Time: 1523891763
Date: 2018-04-16 19:46:03
Duration: 00:33:43
